Negotiating with Learners

Haggling with students, e. g. introductory evaluation, concurring objectives and activities Initial appraisal is the start of an educator/student relationship, permitting the instructor to recognize and find students with challenges and handicaps if the student is sure to discuss them. By recording this data, plans towards educating can be made so every student feels included and progress in their learning experience.The data will decide the students beginning stage; the students may as of now have abilities and information that identify with the subject taken, the instructor can likewise recognize Literacy, Language, Numeracy and ICT that might be pertinent. Evaluation ought not be something that is done to someone. The student must be included and feel some portion of the procedure. Lesley Thom (2001 p13) All students will need to accomplish and have something to focus on. Learning objectives can be arranged and agreed.If moving in the direction of a capability the granting body or looking at board will have a program where to follow so the educator will realize what to instruct and student recognizing what they will realize, from these objectives and objectives can be arranged and concurred. Inside the instructor/student relationship, cooperating sensible objectives and targets can be concurred and their advancement surveyed and recorded: Overall objectives are long haul which is the entire program. With points and destinations/results are normally established.Specific objectives are transient which decides changes in the learner’s abilities, information comprehension and mentalities. The learning procedure is compelling and the objectives clear and match the necessities of the student. Quick objectives separate the particular objectives into reasonable errands in the request that they are accomplished. Ann Gravells and Susan Simpson (2008) Agreeing targets ought to be SMART (Specific, quantifiable, feasible, sensible, and time bound) www. ifl. co. k Learners ought to be urged to assume responsibility for their objectives and learning venture, this empowers students to get autonomous. At the point when objectives are set and surveyed they ought to be recorded, all data that is recorded ought to be a piece of an arrangement ILP (singular learning plan) Learning targets ought to be both verbal and written to guarantee the student has seen completely, students should know their own qualities and where they can create upgrades to their aptitudes. When setting targets, customary instructional exercises and audit meetings and staying up with the latest with students.

The Advantages Of Myeg Service Providers Information Technology Essay

The Advantages Of Myeg Service Providers Information Technology Essay as taxpayer driven organization supplier, they offers a few types of assistance to open, for example, gives e-administrations from government office an offices, model, JPJ (Road Transportation Department) on driving licenses and street charge recharging with protections. They are likewise offers types of assistance for PDRM (Royal Malaysia Police Department) with installment of Summons and request, MyEG additionally incorporates with Department of Insolvency where open can notes on liquidation search and chapter 11. In specific urban areas, for example, Kuala Lumpur City Council (DBKL) on installment, compound request, and appraisal and some of government office, stateâ registrationâ office (JPN) for recognizable proof card (myKad) substitution administrations, and Immigration Department of Malaysia on reestablishment of outside laborer and servants. MyEG specialist organization likewise offers types of assistance to semi-government office, for example, Tenaga Nasional and Telekom Malaysia on charge installment and request. Street Tax Renewal and Auto Insurance To pull in open considerations, MyEG is giving limits for Insurance and Road Tax of 30%. Other than that, MyEG specialists will send the street assessment to house, without administration of charge, total free. Once being picked as MyEG VIP Customer, you can generally call MyEG client support and will give the client singular help in client vehicle (Malaysian enlisted vehicle with JPJ) issues. This would remember help for making any protection claims, giving help to demand to limits in any JPJ or PDRM summons. The client will likewise get advantages of VIP part advancements and benefits every once in a while. During the reestablishment procedure, Road Transportation Department (JPJ) online assistance will check any exceptional summons and boycott records at both JPJ and PDRM database frameworks. So as to continue with this recharging, it is vital for you to settle all traffic offenses recorded. The upside of having on the web street charge recharging through access to the web; it a ssists with finishing clients restoration easily at home or at the workplace. This administration is efficient, bother free, available and financially savvy whenever. Numerous client despite everything question about online duty recharging, MyEG, it is sheltered and secure. The online Road Tax Renewal through MyEG Services Berhads site has been reviewed, confirmed and endorsed by Road Transportation Department (JPJ) and Government. The Government has given the approval for MyEG Services to give the online restoration administrations. Each effective exchange will be given with e-Services receipt. PDRM Summons PDRM (Royal Malaysia Police Department) has gives us free PDRM Alert assistance which will alarm client in the event that they had any summons later on. Regularly, you may not get any notification that you have been given a summons until following a one month of effortlessness period. Through this free help, we will illuminate you on any brings you may have by means of email. When the exchanges total, the online brings installment will be handled inside 48 hours from the hour of the installment was made then just the request is cleared. MyEG additionally give the client to see summons for nothing out of pocket in any event, for benefit of others. Each summons is being refreshed day by day by PDRM. Installment/exchanges idea Charge cards Aâ credit cardâ is a little electronicâ syntheticâ card gave to client as an installment framework. It permits the client to purchase product and administrations dependent on the clients use understanding while at the same time buying product and administrations. The charge card idea is to permit the client to pay or obtain cash for exchanges to a trader as advance money to the clients. At the point when a buy is made, the Mastercard client consents to pay the card backer. The cardholder demonstrates agree to pay by entering a.â personal distinguishing proof number (PIN) or by marking aâ proof of paymentâ with a record of the card subtleties and showing the sum to be paid. Money related Process Exchange (FPX) Money related Process Exchange (FPX) s an installment channel that permits you to make installment by means of online continuous through your current or bank account. All you need is an Internet banking account with any of FPX taking part banks. It is straightforward, helpful and secure. E-money MyEG is likewise permit their client to have e-money exchanges. It is simply require the client to stack some credit into MyEG account. The truth of E-money is just marginally progressively confused, and these difficulties make the exchanges both secure and private. E-money genuinely globalizes the economy, since the client can download cash into his digital wallet in any money wanted. A trader can acknowledge any money and convert it to nearby cash when the digital money is transferred to the financial balance. To the degree a client needs E-money disconnected all that is essential is keen card innovation. The cash is stacked onto the smartcard, and uncommon electronic wallets are utilized to offload the cash onto different smartcards or legitimately to an on-line framework. Smartcards have been utilized fruitful in different nations for such exchanges as calls for various years. The cash could likewise be expelled from a smartcard and came back to a financial balance. Visa is building up a related item, the put away worth card. This card arrives in an assortment of sections, yet works more like a charge card than E-money. Generally, E-money consolidates the advantages of other exchange mediums. Consequently, it is like charge/Mastercards, yet E-money permits people to direct exchanges with one another. It is like individual checks, yet it is possible for exceptionally little exchanges. While it seems better than different structures, E-money won't totally supplant paper cash. Utilization o f E-money will require extraordinary equipment, and keeping in mind that a great many people will approach, not all will. In any case, E-money presents extraordinary difficulties for the current mediators of the current paper cash society. To an ever increasing extent, banks and other monetary middle people will serve essentially as storage facilities for cash, loan specialists, and preparing/confirming electronic exchanges. Individual communication with a teller or even visits to a bank ATM will get old. Drawbacks Indeed, even there is points of interest on MyEG site, there is additionally has certain inconveniences. For some ongoing the client needs to call MyEG helpdesk, to get more data on the most proficient method to take care of the issue looked in MyEG site. MyEG site has likewise gives a few answers for the client to take care of issue while doing exchange through on the web. Coming up next are some of inconveniences. Installment dismissed As indicated by MyEG site, the clients habitually face the difficult when making exchanges though the installment gets dismissed. There are scarcely any reasons where the installment gets dismissed, for example, Mastercard issue or framework mistake. The Visa may not work reason for because of charge card status. On the off chance that the issues with framework blunder cause by broken or time run out on the grounds that server can't be reach. It can likewise reason as the framework is to blame to interruption of system or the whole framework. Association blunder The explanation of association blunder deficiency is likewise happen each time where the client gets clear page or mistake message taboo 404. At the point when this issue happens, the client needs to call helpdesk for help to proceed with exchanges. In this way is because of framework discontinuity mistake. Now and again the framework is to blame because of interruption of system or the whole framework Online flaw A large number of client grumbling on MyEG site that it is load moderate. The explanation is the server framework confronting overwhelming heaps of traffic on the system or the whole framework. Once in a while, the client gets a blunder message Connection is shut by server. This may happen on the grounds that MyEG server might be down or upkeep chips away at. Refreshing A considerable lot of client use MyEG site to pay their request with Road Transportation Department (JPJ) and Royal Police Department (PDRM). They like to do so in light of the fact that it is ease and not to line at installment tolls of every division. On account of refreshing, certain client confronting issue where the summonses brought down, the summonses from JPJ and PDRM will be on site for about fourteen days just from the date of the offense. On the off chance that the summonses are not paid inside this 2-week time frame, JPJ and PDRM will bring down the summonses and you have to go to JPJ and PDRM counters to pay summonses. Installment idea In spite of the fact that MyEG gives the electronic installment idea, not all the administrations permit a similar method to make installment. For instance, My Card substitution has just a single choices of installment, Mastercards. MyCard administrations MyEG likewise gives MyCard distinguishing proof card administration, for example, substitution or harm. This administration, the client despite everything needs to go to the office for thumbprint and recognizable proof. The administration isn't exceptionally helpful to open on the grounds that their still need to go to take at office counter to gather their recognizable proof card considerably after online exchange finished.

Corporate Social Responsibility - A code of ethics Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility - A code of morals - Essay Example In the course of recent years Bibbyoffshore have seen an exponential development in their business, the organization currently works 2 plunge bolster vessels (DSV's) with a third because of come online in late 2007. The organization is currently of such a size, that it can contend with the bigger existing oil and gas administration organizations who have commanded the market in the course of recent years. As Bibbyoffshore want to draw in progressively mind boggling, higher worth agreements, certain customer desires, for example, the manner by which Bibbyoffshore see their obligation to nature and society, should be met. This is strengthened by Bibbyline' own crucial keep up development while working inside their guiding principle of: This administration report intends to examine the significance of a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Ethics procedure for Bibbyoffshore. At first the improvement of CSR and Ethics inside the Oil and Gas industry will be talked about followed by a short business case for a CSR system. A multi year execution methodology will be recommended alongside a code of morals lastly some finishing up comments. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the commitment of the business to the economical improvement objectives of the Government. It is about how the business assesses its financial, social and ecological effects in the manner in which it works boosting the advantages and limiting the drawbacks. CSR is an intentional moves that business can make, well beyond consistence with least lawful prerequisites, to address the two its own serious advantages and the interests of more extensive society. (csr.gov.uk). Working inside creating nations the oil and gas industry has the chance to be to be a positive power in producing the hard money income that administrations need to help arrive at national advancement objectives. While an organization is working in a nation they contribute and create framework, for example, streets, that serve the network. This builds up the economy of the nation as supporting administrations, for example, material gracefully for streets is bought inside the nation emptying assets into the economy. The oil and gas industry assumes a key job in innovation collaboration and limit building. It implies assisting the host nation with meeting the fundamental needs, for example, framework, wellbeing, instruction, preparing, work creation, and water flexibly. So as to

Newspaper article Essay

The Pirates put out an astounding season finisher season, this year having been the primary year in the end of the season games since 1992, yet on October 9, 2013 they lost to the St. Louis Cardinals finishing their stunning season finisher season. In their last season finisher game in St. Louis the Pirates lost 6-1 to the Cardinals, finishing the season. In the second inning the Cardinals scored two runs starting to lead the pack over the privateers. There was no additionally scoring until the 6th inning when the Cardinals scored one more run, presently having an important lead over the Pirates. In the following inning the Pirates scored their first run. What's more, unfortunately, the Cardinals scored three additional runs in the eighth inning finishing the game at a score of 6-1. The Pirates played the best they’ve played since 1992, which wasn’t enough this time. There was some astounding plays in the game, yet I accept a mind blowing one was in the fourth inning when Starling Marte secured around twenty feet to get a fly ball and get the second out with his amazing plunge get. An articles read about their season said that they played everything right, it was a stunning season however it wasn’t enough this year, they required somewhat more. This year the Pirates MVP player is Andrew McCutchen, he set up an OPS+ of 158, and swiped 27 packs this season. The groups LVP was Barmes, who plays shortstop, he hit a measly . 211/. 249/. 309, which is considered very powerless. The Pirates course of action for next season is to keep the group generally flawless, and to ideally make it more distant into the end of the season games next season. As indicated by Christian Hartman † The groups MVP should be McCutchen, he hits well, plays astounding focus field, and he’s simply by and large extraordinary. He is everything a player ought to be. † The Pirates put out an astounding season finisher season, this year being their first season finisher season since 1992.

Esprit five forces Essay

Esprit faces contenders, for example, H&M, Uniqlo, Zara, Mango, Giordano, and Gap. Esprit’s objective is to make its own endeavor gain advantage comparative with its rivals. So when they actualize their arrangement to accomplish their objective, clash happens with their rivals. Rivalry is regularly showed in the value, publicizing, items, benefits, etc. Numerous â€Å"Fast Fashion† brands have diverse product offerings. Their items are increasingly creative and sharp. Likewise those brands can address the issues of white collar class customers. In this manner those brands can possess the piece of the pie and addition the market esteem. In 2011, Esprit lost over 90% pay from 2007. It is on the grounds that Esprit lost its image situating, ceaselessly slipping in ubiquity, less shopper request, absence of development and incapable to address assorted issues of buyers. To take care of these issues, Esprit chose to leave its North American retail activity. They help out new capable permit accomplice. Be that as it may, they didn't abandon North America totally. Since leave the opposition is more expensive than keep on taking an interest in the opposition. There are some explanation will for the most part influence Esprit, for example, financial elements, worldwide procedure and passionate impacts. Socio-political components incorporate resource particularity and expenses of exit. Dangers of Buyer’s Growing Bargaining Power Esprit exists in quick style industry and there are barely any rivals in the business. The results of quick design industry have comparable style. In this manner purchasers would have heaps of decisions. Purchasers might want to get better items at a moderate cost and this will influence the gainfulness of organizations in the business. In China showcase, China has a colossal market size and segment contrasts among regions. Be that as it may, China is a â€Å"Red Sea†. Esprit can't get an alluring benefit in light of the fact that there are such a large number of contenders. This influence the purchasers in China have more decisions to settle on their own choice. Dangers of Suppliers’ Growing Bargaining Power Provider haggling power is the capacity to impact the setting of cost. Providers bring down their material’s quality and worth yet raise up the cost ofâ input factors so as to impact the current business in benefit and intensity. Diverse supplier’s materials have certain qualities and recognizing highlights. Thusly the retailer can't change the provider out of nowhere without arranging in light of the fact that changing the provider may higher the expense. Additionally the one of the significant explanation is retailer difficult to find a high caliber to supplant the material. The quality of provider dealing power is for the most part relies upon what materials or info factors they give to Esprit. At the point when providers give the info factors that the worth involve Esprit’s huge extent of the all out expense of item and the creation procedure is basic or truly influence the nature of the item, the potential dealing intensity of provider is extraordinarily up graded. Dangers of New Entrants Obstructions of passage incorporate economies of scale, item separation, exchanging costs, capital required, deals channels, characteristic assets, approaches, topography, etc. A portion of these hindrances are difficult to forward leap by methods for replicating or impersonation. The chance of new ventures to enter the business is relies upon the participant, assessed potential effect of financing cost and the necessary expense of the hazard to take. Serious access to the seriousness of the risk relies upon two components. One is the size and the other one is required boundaries to new territories of existing organizations react to participants. In any case, the quick design industry section boundaries are extremely low. In this manner there is a great deal of contenders who nearly deals similar items or administrations so as to pick up the quick design piece of the overall industry. Esprit is being extreme and hard to endurance in this market which has high rivalry of piece of the pie of crude materials and it might bring down the productivity of an organization in the business. Dangers of Substitute Products Esprit and its rival, for example, H&M, Gap’s items are fundamentally the same as and their items are substitute items. The serious of substitute items will influence the serious technique of the organization in the quick design industry. The current item costs and capability of expanding the benefit are constrained by the user’s worthiness of the current substitute items. In view of attacks of substitute items, the current ventures must improve the nature of their items, decrease the expense inâ order to bring down the cost or cause the items to be increasingly one of a kind so as to forestall the misfortune and baffled of deals. The lower cost and higher caliber of substitute item will create a solid serious strain to the endeavors. The force of rivalry from substitute item can explicitly see by looking at the business development, processing plant creation limit and benefit extension.

Book Riots Deals of the Day for July 22nd, 2017

Book Riots Deals of the Day for July 22nd, 2017 Book Riot Deals is  sponsored by Hell Divers II: Ghosts by Nicholas Sansbury Smith: Todays Featured Deals Ancillary Justice by Ann Leckie for $2.99. Get it here or just click the cover image below: 10% Happier by Dan Harris for $1.99. Get it here or just click the cover image below: In Case You Missed Yesterdays Most Popular Deal: Kindred by Octavia Butler for $1.99. Get it here or just click the cover image below: Previous daily deals that are still active (as of this writing at least). Get em while theyre hot. The Fifth Season  by N.K. Jemisin for $2.99. How to Start a Fire  by Lisa Lutz for $2.99. The Passage  by Justin Cronin for $1.99. Night Film  by Marisha Pessl for $1.99. Shogun  by James Clavell for $1.99. The Notorious RGB  for $1.99. The Valley of Amazement  by Amy Tan for $1.99. The Girl with All the Gifts  by M.R. Carey for $1.99. Graceling  by Kristin Cashore for $1.99. The Rules of Civility  by Amor Towles for $3.99. Ayiti by Roxane Gay for $1.99 Dawn by Octavia E. Butler for $1.99. The Looking Glass War by John Le Carre for $1.99. The Complete Stories by Clarice Lispector for $1.99. Too Like the Lightning by Ada Palmer for $2.99. Mothers Sons by Colm Toibin for $1.99. The Birthday of the World and Other Stories by Ursula K. Le Guin for $1.99. Galileos Daughter by Dava Sobel for $1.99. Brown Girl, Dreaming by Jacqueline Woodson for $1.99. An Edible History of Humanity by Tom Standage for $1.99. Tell the Wolves Im Home by Carol Rifka Brunt for $1.99. Zen in the Art of Writing by Ray Bradbury for $1.99. After Henry by Joan Didion for $1.13. The Song of Achilles by Madeline Miller for $1.99. The Toughest Indian in the World by Sherman Alexie for $1.99. The Last Samurai  by Helen DeWitt for $1.99. The Last Policeman  by Ben H. Winters for $1.99. Notes of a Native Son  by James Baldwin for $1.99. Labyrinths  by Jose Luis Borges for $1.99. All the Birds in the Sky  by Charlie Jane Anders for $2.99. A Study in Scarlet Women  by Sherry Thomas for $1.99.. The Inexplicable Logic of My Life  by Benjamin Alire Sáenz for $2.99. We, The Drowned  by Carsten Jenson for $2.99 Big Fish  by Daniel Wallace for $1.99. The Terracotta Bride  by Zen Cho for $1.40. The Geek Feminist Revolution  by Kameron Hurley for $2.99. The Girl at Midnight  by Melissa Grey for $1.99. Cloudsplitter  by Russell Banks for $1.99. Queenpin  by Megan Abbott for $0.99. The Good Lord Bird  by James McBride for $4.99. The Comet Seekers by Helen Sedgwick for $2.99 Frog Music by Emma Donoghue for $1.99 Bitch Planet, Vol 1 for $3.99. Monstress, Vol 1 by Liu Takeda for $3.99 Paper Girls, Vol 1. by Vaughn, Chiang, Wilson for $3.99. Labyrinth Lost by Zoraida Cordova for $1.99 The Wicked + The Divine Volume 1  for $3.99 The Inheritance Trilogy by N.K. Jemisin for $9.99 The Price of Salt by Patricia Highsmith for $0.99 We Should All Be Feminists by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie for $2.99 Sign up for our Book Deals newsletter and get up to 80% off books you actually want to read.

A Case Study Pertaing Decison Making In A Business - 550 Words

A Case Study Pertaing Decison Making In A Business (Coursework Sample) Content: SalesName:University AffiliationDateSalesEthics refers to the analysis of morality that guide human conduct and behaviors in a society. Ethical considerations can be well be described to as the values and principles addressing questions on what is right or bad pertaining human affairs and a couple of these are evident in the study case. First of all, independence is a value portrayed in Steve. He is under the pressure to make the sales deal go through more so from his boss and he is not intimidated whatsoever knowing how important it is to him as well as the firm itself he sticks to the idea that he would only consider doing business with Claire herself unlike his boss who wants it done through Claire's purchasing agent. This eventually happens as the two meet and though the deal doesn't go through it shows his determination (Ingram et al., 2015). Secondly, loyalty is also noticeable; Rob is as well loyal to the company, and it is because of this he suggests to St eve on the way forward pertaining the deal and even though Steve is always against the ways he does not give up on it and this commitment is an indication of loyalty to the company. Steve's loyalty to the company is also evident, besides Claire claiming the price is not suitable for her he still sticks to the original price, and this shows the deal is worth it, and it is the best for the company. Thirdly, integrity is well illustrated Not so long after meeting with Claire, and the deal has hit a rock, does he meet with his boss Rob, who would be expecting that Steve would be so desperate to make the deal happen at whatever cost that is not the case. Proposing to offer a donation worth $10,000 to Claire seems to suit Rob whereas for Steve as much as it might appear to be a mere gift it is crime and Rob himself is aware as his nervousness can tell. Steve declines to buy the idea as this is an act of bribing that is unacceptable, and somehow Rob has no otherwise but to give up. Lastl y, courage is depicted by Rob being the divisional sales manager of the company he is very aware of the existing competition by other firms. He is not willing to let the deal slip away and even suggests to Steve they offer their client some cash so as to increase the likelihood of the deal going through. He is certain Steve would consider that considering his nervousness, but he goes ahead to propose it (Gibbs, J.C 2013).On this business situation, Rob and Steve are operating it on different levels, Rob himself is operating it at pre- conventional level as he is unfair and only focuses on making the sale and does not care how far he has to go. He is self-centered and no wonder he refers Steve by 'someone of his level' showing he is very right (Gibbs, J.C. 2013). Steve operates it on a conventional level of moral development and it is evident as he is jurisdiction, obedience and cultural driven is through this that he cannot comply with his boss's idea of bribing Claire as this is a n act that violates the law knowing that in a way or the other he could be putting his job at stake as Rob could term that as 'disrespectful' (Gibbs, J.C. 2013).Put in Rob's shoes th...

Eastern European Backwardness Free Essay Example, 1750 words

The formation of ‘devils’ or adversaries in that context have left us with the option of either deserting such concepts on the whole, or discovering new adversaries once the previous ones weakened or were defeated. The traditional reaction has, apparently, been the extension or rediscovery of even earlier adversaries, frameworks, and policies, to a certain extent than an effort to generate basic change. Present dilemmas affect citizens of Eastern Europe on exceptionally individual levels on a daily basis. The example of East Germany, which presented a particular form of economic and physical protection for men and women alike that can no longer be located in the unified Federal Republic, is a bleak case in point of the reality. But regimes in Eastern Europe discover it improbable to satisfactorily address such predicaments as spiraling crime (Baylis & Leone 1994). The ordinary citizens cannot ignore the ready availability of drugs and the enormous amounts of money their transactions produce for vastly successful criminal industrialists of our period. Nations once assumed of as superpowers can no longer have the funds to stage wars whose costliness is the outcome of the core economic structures they designed. We will write a custom essay sample on Eastern European Backwardness or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now More and more, they cannot even offer the health care for the members of their society that technology facilitated, but that is extremely expensive that it pressures whole economies. What may appear like an invincible economic civilization at present becomes the future’s savings and loan scam or Japanese letdown to sufficiently recognize global economic factors (Baylis & Leone 1994, 107). Once apparently reliable groundwork of nationhood is shuddering everywhere. II. Eastern Europe: A Remnant of Civilization As a number of scholars have argued, prior to 1914 West European and American intellectuals portrayed Eastern Europe as a land of party Orientalized, backward and immoral citizens, thus distinguishing themselves and a romanticized West, in terms of civilization and empire, from the nations of Eastern Europe; this analysis implores a significant concern. How did the cultural paradigms of Westerners about Eastern Europe following the Great War demonstrate the political evolution that had taken place? Through an exploration of interwar British, French and American texts, in addition to both recent scholarly researches and travel reports that were publicized regarding the region, one can assume that West Europeans and Americans still have their deep-seated knowledge about the region and its peoples (Wolff 1994).

Analysis Of Raymonds Run By Toni Cade Bambara - 721 Words

The short story I picked was Raymonds Run by Toni Cade Bambara. The story centers around and is narrated by Squeaky (real name Hazel) a young black girl who is growing up in Harlem with a younger brother named Raymond who is mentally challenged. It deals with her growing up, taking care of her brother, and finding her own identity. Raymond’s Run is a short story that I could use to teach students about what good writing looks like. According to Bomer and Fowler-Amato (2014), â€Å"writers can learn to think about design from studying and discussing the ways other writers have constructed published texts that are considered high quality in this discipline† (p. 157). Using examples of good writing and discussing with students what makes†¦show more content†¦I would have students explore the protagonist, antagonist and supporting characters in depth to examine their traits, motivations, relationships and how they drive the story as a whole. A third important ele ment of short stories and writing is that of theme. The theme is the life lesson of a story or the author’s message or big idea. Theme helps readers connect with a story. It allows readers to relate to the characters and their struggles and to feel invested in the outcome. The theme is a narrative that is woven throughout the story in different ways. It is a powerful ideas that helps to drive the plot and character action. Author’s style is another important technique when writing. A writer’s style is what sets his or her writing apart and makes it unique. Style is the way writing is dressed up (or down) to fit the specific context, purpose, or audience. Word choice, sentence fluency, and the writer’s voice — all contribute to the style of a piece of writing. The author’s point of view is part of this. Point of View is the way the author allows the reader to see and hear what is going on and the perspective from which the story is told. Raymond’s Run is told through the narrator’s voice in the first person point of view. It helps the reader to feel close to the main character and see what they see, feel what they feel and understand how they think. Lastly, setting is another important element of writing.Show MoreRelatedEnglish 10 : Raymond s Run By Toni Cade Bambara1139 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 10: Raymond s Run by Toni Cade Bambara Character Analysis By: Lauren ****Something about how gretchen never says anything, her entourage does it all**** **underline topic sentence*** In Toni Cade Bambara’s, Raymond’s Run, the most intriguing part is the conflict. Based around young girls, they argue using many different tactics. Body language, flaws and snarking comments are obviously used because most girls dig down and find the nitty gritty details that will intimidate their opponent

Essay on Salaries of Athletes are too High - 2022 Words

Salaries of Athletes What should athletes deserve to be paid? Many players have risen to stardom by becoming a professional athlete. Athletes have come from many different backgrounds; some from wealthy and some from poverty raised backgrounds. Salaries are continuing to rise, and money doesn’t seem to be an issue. Athletes are getting what they want from the owners by negotiating through their agents. Athletes’ salaries aren’t from their owners, but they come from other sources (â€Å"Athletes’ Salary†). Athletes get paid an extremely high salary for the work they do, and should consider the value of their work. They do not deserve the extreme amount they get paid and something should by done about it. One issue that these†¦show more content†¦This salary is an outrageous amount but who really deserves it? Maybe Michael does, but in the future some no names might get this. Athletes practice maybe no more than 3-4 hours per day. That is half of what an average person works in a day. In the NBA, they only play 82 games a season. So, Michael Jordan was getting paid about .4 million dollars a game. Also, it was calculated from his average that he made about 20,000 dollars for every shot he took. Each game they play is for a total of 48 minutes. After that they travel to the next game. The athletes are getting paid whatever they ask for and they really don’t deserve it (Kindred 63). Maybe if they showed that it takes a lot of conditioning and a lot of practice, rather than going on vacations to Hawaii, they might catch a few more eyes looking at them. One of the biggest issues that raise the salaries of the players are the endorsements and advertisements that promote their contributions. It was reported that Michael Jordan made 100 million dollars (profit) last year (Spiegel 220). That means he made almost 70 million dollars from other sources being clothing firm, advertisements, restaurant, and awards. The owners also are paying the athletes from the sponsors that pay them to advertise their company. Owners only get profit from this deal. Corporations are paying athletes millions to advertise their product, because the consumer would rather buy theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Escalating Professional Athlete Salaries1080 Words   |  5 PagesEscalating Professional Athlete Salaries Works Cited Not Included In recent years, with the growing popularity of sports, athletes salaries have escalated like that of a superb stock equity. Athletes are taking full advantage of their position, causing the average man to wonder how high will they go. Some feel that athletes are greedy people who have lost care for the true meaning of their salary, the love of the game. Others feel that if a person is able to earn that kind of moneyRead MoreEssay on SPORT1516 Words   |  7 Pages Professional Athletes Salaries: Are they paid too much? What should athletes deserve to be paid? Many players have risen to stardom by becoming a professional athlete. Athletes have come from many different backgrounds; some from wealthy and some from poverty raised backgrounds. Salaries are continuing to rise, and money doesn’t seem to be an issue. Athletes are getting what they want from the owners by negotiating through their agents. Athletes’ salaries aren’t just from their owners, but theyRead MoreProfessional Athletes Salaries874 Words   |  3 Pages The salary of professional athletes is a widely debated topic across the United States in this current period of time. Many people are undecided on the matter; are the wages that professional athletes are paid reasonable, or ridiculous? Though it is commonly argued that these athletes don’t deserve the impressive salaries they receive, when all the facts have been stated, it is only logical to say that they do. 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The proposal of payment to student athletes has begun major conversations and arguments nationwide. Some people argue that college athletes already receive compensation by not only having to pay for college tuition but the special treatment that goes along with being a collegiate athlete. While the idea of receiving a free college education for four years

Opposing the Vietnam War Essay - 1023 Words

Opposing the Vietnam War The War in Vietnam is one of the most controversial arguments in history. The main reason That it is so controversial, is because we lost. Both democrats and republicans argue that the way the war was handled should have been differently. Some ask why bother, the war is over and done with; that there is nothing anyone can do to change it. The amazing thing about history though is that we can learn from our mistakes, and make sure that nothing like this ever happens again. Then again, if the Vietnam never happened we would have better relations with foreign countries. America would not be in such a large dept if the war had never occurred. The soldiers were scarred for life because†¦show more content†¦America entered into the war because it wanted to stop the spread of totalitarian expansion. The goal was to stop North Vietnam from taking over south Vietnam and converting it to Communism. the goal wasn’t to win the war and just to support it; and American citizens and soldiers lost morale in the war. The U.S military troops had a very hard time trying to find their enemy. One of the worst things that happened was that they had to shoot women and children because they were helping the North Vietnam troops. Jennifer Rosenberg states â€Å"In every village, U.S. troops had difficulty determining which, if any, villagers were the enemy since even women and children could build booby traps or help house and feed the Viet Cong.† (Rosenberg 1) The soldiers ended up killing innocent women and children because they didn’t know who the enemy was. The North Vietnamese army had a major advantage over the U.S; they knew the forests well, and had plenty of forests to hid in. As Rosenberg wrote â€Å"Since Viet Cong hid in the dense brush, U.S. forces would drop Agent Orange or napalm bombs which cleared an area by causing the leaves to drop off or to burn away.† (Rosenberg 1) This would not only kill the trees, but it would kill the soldiers and animals asShow MoreRelatedWere Women a Help or Bother During the Vietnam War?1212 Words   |  5 Pagescourse because all throughout history women have made significant contributions to America, especially the Vietnam War. The United States has been slower to include women in its military planning and actions. Men believed in saving the United States from communism, and many women believed they could make a difference in the battle. Women, military as well as civilian, volunteered to go to Vietnam for a variety of reasons, as they wanted to show love and companion to men, they wanted to show their independencyRead MoreRelationship Between Identity And Security1400 Words   |  6 Pagesthe majority of conflicts that have occurred. In conflicts, states are invested in promoting their constructed identity, and challenging the opposing identity. In the following section, this essay will be using the elements of interests, alliances, and fear of the other to demons trate the underpinning of the relationship in the three events of the Vietnam War, dà ©tente and the 2003 Iraq invasion. Interests are important in the relationship as it allows us to observe why a state is involved in a conflictRead MoreInfluence of the Media in the Anti-War Movement of the 60s and 70s1600 Words   |  7 PagesSouth Vietnam which could have happened that realistically threatens the United States of America.† In that same testimony, Kerry discussed that most people â€Å"did not even know the difference between communism and democracy. They only wanted to work in rice paddies without helicopters strafing them and bombs with napalm burning their villages and tearing their country apart.† The Fulbright hearings were an eye-opener to the millions of Americans who watched them. They convinced many that opposing theRead MoreThe Vietnam War Was A Damaging Conflict1178 Words   |  5 PagesValean Professor William Mack U.S. History 2 16 April 2015 Vietnam War The Vietnam War was a damaging conflict that left deep scars on all the people and countries that were involved. About 60,000 American lives were taken and an estimated 2,000,000 Vietnamese were killed or wounded. That is about 10 percent of Vietnam’s population. Many bombs, weapons, and chemical warfare destroyed Vietnam’s infrastructure and land. Not only did this war bring destruction to Vietnam’s physical country, but it helpedRead MoreThe Cause For The Vietnam War1442 Words   |  6 PagesAmong the causes for the Vietnam War are the Western fear of communism, the remnants of nineteenth-century colonialism, and tensions caused by World War Two and the Cold War, but these causes could easily have been circumvented and the Vietnam War prevented. As is often the case with wars, one of the most influential factors in the causation of the Vietnam War was fear, especially fear of communism and social upheaval. The anti-communist policies of Western culture had the greatest direct influenceRead MoreCivil War And The Vietnam War905 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the 1960s and 1970s, America endured the Vietnam War and protests against U.S. involvement in Vietnam. From college campus demonstrations, to newspaper articles and radio broadcasts, antiwar sentiment blossomed through different mediums to convey how dissatisfied some citizens felt against the War’s duration. May 4, 1970 saw college students of Kent State University holding a common antiwar demonstration turn unusually fatal: four students were shot dead and nine others sustained wounds. ItRead MoreMedia Coverage On The Vietnam War1549 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam War introduced many new forms of technology on and off of the battlefield. Increased weaponry helpe d shape the outcome of the war, but media coverage also played a large role in representing the news and opinions of the war. Viet Thanh Nguyen’s The Sympathizer helps illustrate how the media influences and spreads the opinions of the people during the Vietnam War. The war media, which includes newspapers, movies, and most importantly television, caters towards its audience. What the mediaRead MoreA Comparison Of The American And Vietnam Revolutionary Wars And The Use Of Insergency1500 Words   |  6 PagesAND VIETNAM REVOLUTIONARY WARS AND THE USE OF INSERGENCY CW4 Joseph, Stephen E WOSSE: 16-006B 26 September 2016 Table of Contents A Nation for Change 1 A Revolutionary War 1 Liberating a Revolutionary War 4 BIBLIOGRAPHY 6 A Nation for Change No one person wakes in the morning and decides to tackle years of institutional rule without thinking certain doom, discomfort, or in some cases, death. Citizens living during the times within the United States (1775 – 1784) and Vietnam (1955Read MoreThe Vietnam War Was A Brutal Conflict1666 Words   |  7 Pages The Vietnam War was a brutal internal conflict between North and South Vietnam over the North s attempt to spread communism. Taking place between 1961 and 1975, it became America s second longest war. This battle destroyed countless villages, farmlands, forests, and neighboring countries of Vietnam. It took the lives of about two million Vietnamese soldiers and civilians, and over fifty-eight thousand American soldiers. In an effort to cease the spread of communism, many American troops wereRead MoreA Pyrrhic Victory Is Defined, Per Merriam-Webster, As â€Å"A969 Words   |  4 Pages A pyrrhic victory is defined, per Merriam-Webster, as â€Å"A victory that is not worth winning because so much is lost to achieve it.† For much of America in the era of the Vietnam War, the Tet Offensive could be defined as such a victory. In this paper I will first define the Tet Offensive in a concise manner, give the arguments supporting an American victory and the reciprocal considering a North Vietnamese victory, and finally make a conclusion supporting the thesis that in the long term, the North

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Free Essays

Since acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized more than 20 years ago, remarkable progress has been made in improving the quality and duration of life of persons with HIV infection. During the first decade, this progress was associated with recognition of opportunistic disease processes, more effective therapy for complications, and introduction of prophylaxis against common opportunistic infections (OIs). The second decade has witnessed progress in developing highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) as well as continuing progress in treating OIs (Masur, Kaplan Holmes, 1999). We will write a custom essay sample on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since the HIV serologic test (enzyme immunoassay [EIA], formerly enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ALISHA], became available in 1984, allowing early diagnosis of the infection before onset of symptoms, HIV infection has been best managed as a chronic disease   and most appropriately managed in an outpatient care setting (Gallant, 2001). II. Background A. Epidemiology In fall 1982, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a case definition of AIDS after the first 100 cases were reported. Since then, the CDC has revised the case definition a number of times (1985, 1987, and 1993) All 50 states, the District of Columbia, U.S. dependencies and possessions, and independent nations in free association with the United States report AIDS cases to the CDC using a uniform surveillance case definition and case report from (CDC, 2000). Starting in the late 1990s, more states started to implement HIV case reporting in response to the changing epidemic and the need for information on persons with HIV infection who have not developed AIDS. As of December 2001, there were 816,149 reported cases of HIV/AIDS and 506, 154 adults, adolescents, and children in the United States (including U.S. dependencies, possession, and associated nations) living with AIDS. Unprotected sex and sharing of injection drug use equipment are the major means of transmission of HIV. A total of 43, 158 AIDS cases were diagnosed in 2001. For men diagnosed with AIDS during 2001, 59% were in the exposure category of men who have sex with men; 24% in injection drug use; and 7% in heterosexual contact. In women diagnosed with AIDS during that same period, 44% reported injection drug use and 52% reported heterosexual contact. Comparing race/ethnicity amount the three largest groups diagnosed in 2001, 20,752 were black, not Hispanics (CDC, 2002). The number of people living with AIDS is not evenly distributed throughout the United States. States with the largest number of reported AIDS cases during 2001 were New York (7,476), Florida (5,138), California (4,315), Texas (2,892), and Maryland (1,860) (CDC, 2002). AIDS has reached epidemic proportions in some other parts of the world. According to the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS, more than 18.3 million people worldwide have died of AIDS and 34.3 million people are infected with HIV, with 5.4 million people newly infected with HIV in 1999 alone (Letvin, Bloom Hoffman, 2001). UNAIDS (2001) reports that since the epidemic began, more than 60 million people have been infected with the virus, making it the most devastating disease ever. The earliest confirmed case of HIV infection was found in blood drawn from an African man in 1959 (Stephenson, 2003). Although factors associated with the spread of HIV in Africa in the 1960s; however, social changes such as easier access to transportation, increasing population density, and more frequent sexual contacts may have been more important (Stephenson 2003). III. Discussion A. HIV Transmission   HIV-1 is transmitted in body fluids containing HIV and/or infected CD4+ (or CD4) T lymphocytes. These fluids include blood, seminal fluid, vaginal secretions, amniotic fluid, and breast milk. Mother-child transmission of HIV-1 may occur in utero, at the time of the delivery, or through breastfeeding, but transmission frequency during each period has been difficult to determine (Nduati et al., 2000). Any behavior that results in breaks in the skin or mucosa results in the increased probability of exposure to HIV (chart 1). Since HIV is harbored within lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, any exposure to infected blood results in a significant risk of infection. The amount of virus and infected cells in the body fluid is associated with the risk of new infections. How to cite Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Papers

Project Management for Collection of Sources-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theProject Management for Collection of Sources. Answer: Prioritization Process The project prioritization process helps in the formation of the structure for the carrying out of the activities in an organized fashion. The priority is set at first and then the process is carried out so that the outcome for the project can be achieved successfully (Shollo, Constantiou Kreiner, 2015). The use of the project prioritization process also helps in the ranking system of the various processes (Zahedi-Seresht et al., 2014). The order of execution of the various processes of the project is decided by the use of the method of project prioritization process. Rational Criteria The six criteria of project prioritization are as follows (Kerzner Kerzner, 2017)- Understanding the project: The proper understanding of what is required of the project is necessary for the achieving of the outcome of the task. Planning of project: The proper planning of the project is necessary for the carrying out of the task Collection of sources: The next criteria for the prioritization process involve the collection of the data and the collection of the important information in order to carry out the task. Ranking of processes: Based on the importance of the processes, these processes are ranked and the work flow of the project is carried out in accordance with the processes Execution of processes: After all the processes are carried out then the execution of the task is to be made Verification: The verification part involves the checking of the task. The whole task is checked and reviewed and in case of any failure or any problem the error is corrected and then the correct solution is provided. The Project and the solution The project is based on providing shelter to the homeless people coming from different background in Australia. For this two different solutions are proposed (Shadiev, Hwang Huang, 2015). Proper understanding and evaluation of both the solution is necessary in order to propose a particular solution (Ueda Maehira, 2015). The Priority list of both the project The list of priorities associated with project A are as follows- Construction of the 2000 housing units in state of Queensland Construction of Physical amenities Construction of roads, public school, hospital A solution to the homelessness in Australia The list of priorities associated with project B is as follows- Checking the issues such as depression, infectious diseases and so on associated with the homeless people. Eradication of problem of homelessness by pondering over the cures such as building of low budget homes. Creation of awareness among the individual for the serious topic of homelessness, drug addiction and so on Cultivation, farming and other labour skills to be taught to homeless people After evaluation of the prioritization list, it can be concluded that that project B is a feasible and more practical solution to the problem. Associated weightings Criteria Project A Weighing (On scale of 5) Construction of the 2000 housing units in state of Queensland 4.2 Construction of Physical amenities 3.8 Construction of roads, public school, hospital 3.5 Criteria Project b Weighing (On scale of 5) Checking the issues such as depression, infectious diseases and so on associated with the homeless people. 4.2 Eradication of problem of homelessness by pondering over the cures such as building of low budget homes. 4.3 Creation of awareness among the individual for the serious topic of homelessness, drug addiction and so on 4 Cultivation, farming and other labour skills to be taught to homeless people 4.5 Therefore, it is seen that it is more feasible to implement project B Process to Address Failure It is critical to address the project failure as the project is based on providing shelter to the homeless people. Two approaches or solution to the project is present, one of which is construction of 2000 housing units in the state of Queensland. The housing units will be specifically designed to cater for the social and cultural needs of indigenous Australians. The other solution is to use the farming land available in Australia which is not used till date for the use of the homeless people. Therefore it is a very critical decision that is to be made and process of addressing the failure can be implementation of the project after performing proper feasibility and risk analysis. The Project B is chosen and project A is eliminated from the consideration as project A tends to provide houses to the homeless people while project B will address the causes of homelessness and unemployment. Prioritization Matrix: Criteria of chosen solution Weight Score in project A (building of houses) Score of Project B (Using the cultivation lands) 1 Easy Resource availability 5 3 4 2 Provides solution to the identified problem 5 5 5 3 Associated risk 5 4 3 4 Cost of implementation 5 3 4 5 Time for execution 5 3 4 6 Complexity 5 4 5 7 Budget 5 3 4 8 Relocation Cost 5 4 4 9 Site availability 5 3 4 Total Score 32 37 The project B is chosen as it is more feasible to implement as the budget for project B is $33 million dollars while the cost of implementation of project A is nearly $8 billion. Prioritization Outcome The understanding of the project is the most important part of the project. This shows that the understanding of the project is the most important part for carrying out a task. If the requirement of the task is not properly understood then the problem may arise and the outcome of the project is not achieved. The ranking process has been stated as important next to the understanding of the task (Shadiev, Hwang Huang, 2015). The ranking of the task is important as the processes, which are important has to be decided. The work flow is decided on the basis of this parameter. If all the small processes are satisfied only then the task can be completed in a proper manner. The parameter of verification and planning of a project has been ranked third and fourth respectively as these parameters are next important (Reich, 2016).. The proper checking of the task is important after its completion and the planning is to be made before proceeding with the project as the proper planning needs to b e made to avoid any errors. From the above matrix, it can be concluded that it will be more feasible to implement the project B. The project criteria identified are based on the scope of the project and the associated weighing is given on basis of the identified criteria (Kerzner, 2017). The scoring of each criterion is based on a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 represents higher complexity and 5 represents lower complexity. For example, in criteria number 4 that is based on cost of implementation, a score of 3 for project A and a score of 4 for project B indicates it will require more resource and money in implementing project A in comparison to the implementation of project B. Furthermore, it addresses the different causes of homelessness. Therefore it is concluded that out of the two proposed solutions, use of the cultivable land is more appropriate in providing shelter to the homeless people of Australia. References: Kerzner, H. (2017). Project Execution.Project Management Case Studies, 211-308. Kerzner, H., Kerzner, H. R. (2017).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Reich, T. (2016). A Crossroads for Collection Development and Assessment, Its Fallout, and Unknowns: Where Do We Go From Here?. Shadiev, R., Hwang, W. Y., Huang, Y. M. (2015). A pilot study: Facilitating cross-cultural understanding with project-based collaborative learning in an online environment.Australasian Journal of Educational Technology,31(2). Shollo, A., Constantiou, I., Kreiner, K. (2015). The interplay between evidence and judgment in the IT project prioritization process.The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,24(3), 171-188. Ueda, Y., Maehira, S. (2015). Verification test results of the wide-area control and operation system for distributed generation of renewable energy. InTelecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC), 2015 IEEE International(pp. 1-5). IEEE. Zahedi-Seresht, M., Akbarijokar, M., Khosravi, S., Afshari, H. (2014). Construction project success ranking through the data envelopment analysis.Journal of Data Envelopment Analysis and Decision Science,2014, 1-13.

Influence of Motivation on Organizational Commitment

Question: Describe about the Influence of Motivation on Organizational Commitment. Answer: Organizational commitment is the psychological attachment that members of a particular organization possess towards the organization. An employee commitment towards his/her organization can be determined by observing the organizations variable such as turnover, organizational behaviour of the citizens, as well as the individual employee job performance (Wayne, et al. 2013, pp.606). Factors that determine the level of employee commitment to the organization include employee empowerment, job security, role stress, level of motivation and distribution of leadership roles within the organization (Meyer, et al. 2012, pp.225-245). The three-component theory offers an explanation on employee organizational commitment. The theory provides three distinctive components of commitment by employees towards an organization. The three components include; Affective commitment This concerns the emotional attachment of employees towards the organization. The theory maintains that whenever an employee harbours a high level of affective commitment towards the organization, they are able to enjoy their relationship with the organizations environs and hence are likely to commit their life and to stay at the organization longer (Jackson, et al. 2013, pp.84-106). No one forces them to stay but rather they stay because they have chosen to stay. Continuance commitment Employees commit their future and stay at the organization because to them leaving the organization is likely to prove costly. For instance, one may be forced to stay at an organization due to the fear of being unemployed or losing a position held at the organization through demotion at another organization (Chun, et al. 2013, pp.853-877). Normative commitment In this case, an employee feels that he/she is obliged to stay at an organization and that it would be unethical to leave the organization. There is yet no single definition on what organizational commitment is. Various scholars give varied definitions on the concept of organizational commitment (Chiaburu, et al. 2013, pp.10). However, among the several definitions by the various scholars, there is some degree of consensus that organizational management entails technics aimed at making an employee commit his/her future to the organization. According to Becker (1960), organizational commitment in an employee emanates from his/her awareness of the cost to be incurred by leaving the organization. However, according to Mowday et al. (1982), organizational commitment is the emotional attachment an employee possesses towards a given organization. On the other hand, according to Wiener, organizational commitment emanates from the feeling among employees of a given organization that they have a moral duty to remain loyal and committed to the specific organization. Moreover, Evenson (2003) points out that motivation is how employees of a given organization are able to strive and obtain optimum performance on a day to day basis and enjoy the challenges associated with the process of achieving the good results while caring for their colleagues and the organization in the course of achieving positive results. Furthermore, Meyer and Herscovitch (2001) maintain that organizational commitment is the force binding a given employee to the organization in relation to specific aims and which can be distinguished from motivation factors. Every successful organization invests a lot of resources in their employees. It is therefore very essential for organizations to ensure that the employees remain committed to the organization and do not leave (Park Shaw, 2013, pp.268). An employee with a low commitment level will definitely not perform at his/her best. Furthermore, whenever an employee leaves an organization, there are losses incurred in terms of the high cost of replacement as well as temporary implications to the performance of the organization (Costanza, et al. 2012, pp.375-394). It is therefore essential that an organization comes up with ways of ensuring that there employees remain committed to the organization at all times. Motivation entails factors and conditions created at an organization to encourage the morale of employees and boost their performance. There are two forms of employee motivation in any organization; intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation comes from within the employee and is usually applicable whenever the employee finds the work to be satisfying, fulfilling and he/ she is able to enjoy doing it (Imran, et al. 2014, pp.135-144). On the other hand, extrinsic motivation entails external factors that boost the morale of an employee. They include actions taken by the organization such as punishment and rewards, in order to encourage the employee to perform effectively (Reeve, 2014, pp.5). For instance, an employee will work hard to evade punishment while at the same time the same employee will work hard to get rewarded. According to Bartol and Martin (1998), motivation is the inward push that enables an employee to satisfy an unsatisfied desire and ensure that they attain a desired goal. To them, motivation emanates from an individuals innate psychological desires which drive the individual to achieve set objectives. On the other hand, Kalimullah (2010) maintains that employee motivation entails streamlining the objectives of the employee to match those of the organization thereby enabling him/her to channel efforts towards the realization of the organizations goals. However, Mary (1996) points out that, motivation especially for employees by an organization entails the measures taken by the organization in an attempt to achieve organizational effectiveness that uses resources without putting undue pressure, strain and stress on the employees. There exists an old saying that you can take a donkey to the river but you can never force the same donkey to drink water. Human beings at a work station behave just like donkeys. You can employ them, give them working tools but can never force them to perform. Motivation plays a crucial role in ensuring high level of performance and commitment among employees of a given organization. Motivation, both intrinsic and extrinsic encourages employees to get committed to a given organization and perform at high levels (Lepper Greene, 2015, p.2). For instance, an employee will work hard because he/she anticipates rewards such as promotion at the end of the day. On the other hand, another employee may remain committed to a certain job due to the fear of a punishment such as demotion. Equity Theory According to this theory, employment is a form of beneficial and contributory relationship between the employee and the employer. The benefits are in the form of job promotions, employee recognition as well as pay. On the other hand, contributions are in the form of employee expertise, educational qualification, employee effort and ability as well as the experience held by the employee (Pinder, 2014). The theory maintains that if there is equity between benefits and contributions, then the employee is able to enjoy being at the organization and hence commit their future to the organization. If conditions of equity are realised, the employee is able to experience job satisfaction. The theory emphasizes on the importance of motivation in realizing employee commitment to an organization. It encourages the organization management to redesign the organizations motivation system in a manner that avoids the destruction of performance due to perceived inequalities while at the same time ensure that they do not over reward and cost the organizations performance. The equity theory can explain the influence of motivation on organizational commitment. Employees are encouraged to stay and commit their future to an organization depending on the benefits they get from the organization (Manzoor, 2012, pp.1). The benefits could be in the form of rewards and punishments. Employees may stay at an organization due to the fear of punishments they may encounter in the event of leaving the organization such as being unemployed or getting a job in a smaller company. Similarly, the employees may be encouraged to stay at the organization because of the rewards they reap from the organization such as pay increment, promotion and recognition. According to Rudolph and Kleiner (1989) and Sujan (1986), rewarding employees with extrinsic rewards in the form of salary increment, fringe benefits as well as promotion encourages employees to want to stay at the organization longer in anticipation of similar rewards in the future. On the other hand, Darmon (1974) maintains that rewards in the form of money and other financial incentives play a significant role in shaping employees behaviour hence making them commit their future to the organization as an obligation. Furthermore, Dauten (1998) states that a process of motivating employees that requires them to bet on their success enables the employees own the organization perform and hence want to stay to advance on the successes they achieved. Relying on the equity theory and based on the synthesis of the literature provided by Dauten (1998), Darmon (1974) as well as Rudolph and Kleiner (1989), I propose that Motivation influences Organizational commitment. Motivation is an important factor that influences organizational commitment. However, the organization should not over emphasize on motivation in its attempt to promote employee commitment to the organization. This is because there arise cases when motivating employees do not translate into more employee working culture (Yidong Xinxin, 2013, pp.441-455). Due to the varied preference among employees on the mode of motivation, the organization might end up suffering in the long run as a result of a certain mode of motivation employed. For instance, in cases of employees who ascribe more to material motivation factor, the main concern will be distributive justice. On the other hand, with employees whose preference is non-material motivation factor, their focus is usually on acquisition of fair procedure. It is of great importance that in the process of motivating employees, the organization management maintains justice in the factors used. A just motivation system will ensure that all employees are treated fairly and with respect regardless of their social status, ethnic background, race or cultural orientation. For instance, employees should be promoted based on the contribution in terms of educational qualification, ability, expertise and experience. This in the long run will create a culture of justice within the organization which will make staying at the organization enjoyable and hence encourage organizational commitment (Gelens, et al. 2013, pp.341-353). Furthermore, motivation systems that focus on the employee contribution will encourage positive competition among the employees; a phenomenon which will impact positively to the growth of the organization. For instance, rewarding employees based on their academic qualification will encourage other employees to go back to school and advance their educational qualifications. This is in the end will earn them promotions which will make them commit their future to the organization. Moreover, the acquired status as a result of the education advancement will make the employees stay at the organization due to the fear of losing the acquired status upon leaving the organization. Furthermore, ensuring justice in motivating employees reduces conflicts at the work place that could be occasioned by a feeling among the employees who deserve motivation but yet the same is given to those who do not deserve due to preferences such as social status or cultural orientation. Hence a just motivation system will promote organizational commitment. Bibliography Chiaburu, D.S., Lorinkova, N.M. and Van Dyne, L., 2013. Employees social context and change-oriented citizenship: A meta-analysis of leader, coworker, and organizational influences. Group Organization Management, p.1059601113476736. Chun, J.S., Shin, Y., Choi, J.N. and Kim, M.S., 2013. How does corporate ethics contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of collective organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Management, 39(4), pp.853-877. Costanza, D.P., Badger, J.M., Fraser, R.L., Severt, J.B. and Gade, P.A., 2012. Generational differences in work-related attitudes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Business and Psychology, 27(4), pp.375-394. Gelens, J., Dries, N., Hofmans, J. and Pepermans, R., 2013. The role of perceived organizational justice in shaping the outcomes of talent management: A research agenda. Human Resource Management Review, 23(4), pp.341-353. Imran, H., Arif, I., Cheema, S. and Azeem, M., 2014. Relationship between job satisfaction, job performance, attitude towards work, and organizational commitment. Entrepreneurship and innovation management journal, 2(2), pp.135-144. Jackson, T.A., Meyer, J.P. and Wang, X.H.F., 2013. Leadership, Commitment, and Culture A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies, 20(1), pp.84-106. Lepper, M.R. and Greene, D. eds., 2015. The hidden costs of reward: New perspectives on the psychology of human motivation. Psychology Press, p.2. Manzoor, Q.A., 2012. Impact of employees motivation on organizational effectiveness. Business management and strategy, 3(1), p.1. Meyer, J.P., Stanley, D.J., Jackson, T.A., McInnis, K.J., Maltin, E.R. and Sheppard, L., 2012. Affective, normative, and continuance commitment levels across cultures: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(2), pp.225-245. Park, T.Y. and Shaw, J.D., 2013. Turnover rates and organizational performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(2), p.268. Pinder, C.C., 2014. Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press, p.5-7. Reeve, J., 2014. Understanding motivation and emotion. John Wiley Sons, p.5. Wayne, J.H., Casper, W.J., Matthews, R.A. and Allen, T.D., 2013. Family-supportive organization perceptions and organizational commitment: The mediating role of workfamily conflict and enrichment and partner attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(4), p.606. Yidong, T. and Xinxin, L., 2013. How ethical leadership influence employees innovative work behavior: A perspective of intrinsic motivation. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(2), pp.441-455.

The Extent of Drug Abuse Among People in America

Toronto Mayor Rob Ford Said He Lied about Crack Cocaine Use Because He Was EmbarrassedAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Extent of Drug Abuse Among People in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mayor lied about the use of crack cocaine The article titled â€Å"Toronto Mayor Rob Ford said he lied about crack cocaine use because he was embarrassed† talks about the use of cocaine by a public figure. It was published on February 10, 2014. The article talks about the reasons why the mayor of Toronto lied about his habit of using crack cocaine. The article was written in order to offer an explanation why the mayor lied about his illegal habit of using crack cocaine. Cocaine is an illegal drug that is abused by many people. This article shows the extent of drug abuse among people in America. Drug use is illegal. However, a person who is supposed to be spearheading the war against drug use and abuse was cau ght smoking crack cocaine. The article shows the extent to which leaders go to break laws instead of protecting them. I think the article was written in order to encourage people who use cocaine to come clean about their habit and ask for help. It was difficult for the mayor to deny his problem because it could have led to his removal from office. According to the article, the mayor lied about his habit of using crack cocaine because he was embarrassed (Foxnews.Com par1). Admitting to such a habit is very difficult especially for a political figure like a mayor. The mayor confirmed this through a video posted on YouTube. According to the author of the article, the mayor defended himself by claiming that everybody in the world lies about one thing or another. However, he admitted that he was embarrassed for lying about his habit (Foxnews.Com par1). The mayor was very categorical on his use of crack cocaine. He denied allegation that he was an addict. According to him, even though he used crack cocaine, he was not an addict. In addition, he said that admitting to using cocaine was a humiliating experience for him because he had to do it to the whole world (Foxnews.Com par3).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to a report released last year, the mayor was reported to be an addict. Apparently, he was captured on camera smoking weed. The mayor refuted these accusations because drug use was illegal. It is important for leaders to take responsibility of their actions because they are expected to be role models to the young people. The article is interesting because it covers an issue that is debated among many fields in the world. It is discouraging to hear a leader deny a habit that could lead to his downfall. Many young people today use illegal drugs for several purposes and are embarrassed to admit. The mayor is supposed to be a role model to youn g people. However, his habit of using crack cocaine is not a reason to look upon him as a role model. The population most affected comprises young people who are affected by the drug because of denial. Denial of such a habit causes problems to many people because it leads to addictions that have negative effects on the lives of users. Many addicts do not seek help because of embarrassment. Many young people today abuse crack cocaine because of its availability and affordability. I chose this article because the use of cocaine is prevalent among many people, both old and young. Both young and old people use drugs. In addition, I chose it because it highlights a problem that needs to be solved. Leaders are supposed to protect laws and not break them. Young people are more likely to use illegal drugs because they see their leaders using them. Works Cited Foxnews.Com: Toronto mayor Rob Ford said he lied about crack cocaine use because  he was embarrassed. Feb 10. 2014. Web. Feb 22. 20 14. https://www.foxnews.com/world/toronto-mayor-rob-ford-said-he-lied-about-crack-cocaine-use-because-he-was-embarrassed. This essay on The Extent of Drug Abuse Among People in America was written and submitted by user Juliette Munoz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Truth About Online Plagiarism Checkers

The Truth About Online Plagiarism Checkers The Goal We decided to study three important questions: Are online tools safe? Are user privacy, data protection, intellectual property, and licensing of the content concerned? Does the free option hide any unexpected features? Is such software as reliable and helpful as advertised? How the Websites Have Been Selected First of all, we googled such keywords as plagiarism detection, plagiarism test, free plagiarism tools, plagiarism checkers, duplicate text search, plagiarism software, plagiarism scanner, etc. After that, we checked available reviews of online plagiarism services and added them to the list. We tested selected tools using free option, without registration, and removed services that didnt work. Finally, we had a list of 32 websites. How We Tested the Websites For each of the websites, we checked such sections as Disclaimers, Terms of Service, FAQ, Support Forums, Privacy Policy, and Warnings. We searched for information on licensing, use of submitted content, data protection, service location and governing laws, and liability limitations. We also compared the information on country location available on the website and information from the WHOIS database. We even visited professional forums and social media to confirm some data on the location of the service. Results According to results of our research, 25% of online plagiarism checkers save submitted content. 28% of such websites claim that they dont save the content, and for 44% its impossible to determine whether or not they save the content. 13% of websites admit that they use the submitted content for their own purposes (either commercial or non-commercial). For 54%, its impossible to determine whether they use the content or not. 31% of websites claim that they dont use the saved content. 34% of the websites are located in countries with proper laws regarding intellectual theft and copyright (USA, Germany, Australia, Hong-Kong, UK, Cyprus). 25% of the services are located in countries with weak legal protection (Ukraine, Pakistan, Russia). For 41% of the websites, we were unable to determine the location. Final Thoughts Many students, bloggers, teachers, and writers use online plagiarism services every day. According to the results of our research, the use of such services sometimes is very risky, because the submitted content can be unprotected against copyright violations. Most of the free online services dont provide users with clear information on what they do with the submitted content, and how they use it. Some services publish the submitted content as their own and use it in any way they want. However, such services want a stream of fresh content for a reason. They dont have many sources to determine whether or not a certain text is original. Thus, some complicated services use the submitted content to improve the effectiveness of their work. At the same time, such a use of the content creates an opportunity to steal the content. The Privacy Policies and the Terms of Use may be changed anytime, so users cannot rely on claims of such websites. The submitted content may be used for so-called content spinning software, which uses the original content to create many paraphrased copies of texts on the same topic. We can conclude that writers and students who use online plagiarism checkers risk giving their content to the content spinning software. We suggest not using online plagiarism checking websites. You can copy and paste sentences from your text into a search box of any search engine, and it will work just like plagiarism checkers, or even better. Do Online Plagiarism Detectors Work Honestly? You may have heard that there is nothing new under the sun. However, almost all colleges, universities, and MBA schools want their students to write an original content that will have nothing in common with works written before. Plagiarism isnt a new thing – even Shakespeare borrowed almost all his ideas from other sources, but the internet has raised plagiarism to a completely new level. Professors dont like when students steal their works from the internet. Given the large class sizes and fast pace of work, teachers dont have much time to consider each student individually, trying to figure out whether he or she have plagiarized the work or not. Plagiarism checkers are a perfect solution in such conditions; they allow teachers to check many papers fast and easily. Most plagiarism checkers compare texts to the available web pages, and already-uploaded texts (most teachers require all their students to use such online services). After that, plagiarism checkers provide users with an analysis of the content, taking into account the percentage of text that has been found in other sources. Such a method includes many drawbacks. For example, students may use quotes from various sources. Even if all the citations are written according to necessary standards, plagiarism checkers will flag these elements as plagiarized. Thus, if students have analytical papers assigned, and their works include many quotes from Shakespeare or Dickens, they can be accused of plagiarizing the content, even if they followed all the quotation rules. Another common problem related to the use of online plagiarism detectors is that many students use some common, trivial phrases, such as its easier said than done, in the heat of the moment, and so on. Of course, good academic writing implies avoiding such constructions, but the use of common phrases itself isnt plagiarizing. At the same time, some students just change the wording without changing the content, and their texts may pass plagiarism check because such algorithms are unable to detect paraphrasing. Computers are able to consider words and phrases, but not the meaning of the text. Plagiarism software also has its ethical side. Professors rely on online checkers instead of doing their job and checking all papers manually. Some students may not understand the concept of plagiarism. For example, why citing their textbook is considered plagiarism, while quotes from Shakespeare are not. Students from some foreign countries may even consider citing their professor as a form of respect. Thats why telling students what exactly is considered plagiarism, and providing them with examples is necessary. Professors have to create an environment that will motivate students to avoid plagiarism. They have to spend more time with students, helping them with assignments and learning each students writing style. Understanding capabilities of each student, teachers will be able to easily understand whether or not their content was plagiarized. Professors also have to figure out why certain texts are flagged as plagiarism and check if citations are written properly. Usually, common assignments produce more positive results, because students use citations from reliable sources and familiar ideas. Unique assignments are much more difficult for students because they are not sure where to find the information. Their citations may be formatted incorrect, which in turn, will cause a bad originality percentage for such a work. Finally, another problem with plagiarism checkers is that they add certain tension between students and professors, minimizing the trust. When students hear long speeches about how their papers will be checked for plagiarism, it doesnt motivate them to follow the honor code. In our opinion, professors must remember that policing their students isnt their main goal. Plagiarism checkers do their job, but they cannot solve such real problems as weak students skills and drawbacks of the educational system.

The Time between Death and the Discovery of the Corpse Assignment

The Time between Death and the Discovery of the Corpse - Assignment Example This highlighted the aim of the study to show the importance of considering the effects of larval crowding that could cause PMI errors during casework. It was found out that increased larval crowding resulted in faster development of C. vomitoria and the size of C. vomitoria that could cause overestimation and underestimation of PMI respectively if not accounted for during casework. The major limitation of this research is that the study only explored development during larval stages. This means that further investigations are needed before making direct comparisons with the results. Moreover, comparison with other studies was difficult because the muscle used in each experiment had a different origin and was likely to cause variation in the results. The consideration of space available to larvae within a culture affects competitive interactions would be required. The research had several strengths while conducting the research. The researchers ensured that food was always in excess so that competitive effects could be ruled out. They also reared the cultures in different pig tissue enabling them to determine the development rate at different larval densities in cultures reared in the brain, liver, and muscle while keeping the experimental conditions identical. The effects of larval crowding at three intervals on each of the three tissues were observed for the greatest changes in body tissues. It was found out that the brain was the least nourishing and due to lower protein levels and higher water content, there was rapid consumption compared to the other tissues. In conclusion, the research was justified because it effectively gave light to how overcrowding during larval stages of development resulted in a competitive feeding environment, therefore, affecting size, development rate, and survival.  

MANAGING IN A MIXED ECONOMY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

MANAGING IN A MIXED ECONOMY - Essay Example In other types of contracts like the private finance initiative, the private sector makes the capital investment through a contract by the government while the government might wholly or partly bear the cost of providing the service. In the UK, PPP has had a long history. In 1992, the private finance initiative (PFI) was introduced by the Conservative government. This was the first official and systematic program aimed at encouraging public-private partnerships. Over the years, this initiative has been expanded to create efficiency and to enhance the realization of â€Å"value for money.† It must be emphasized that PPP has been successful in a number of ways throughout the UK. Various programs have successfully been accomplished through this initiative and the trend continues. In the same way, the initiative has had is fair share of challenges (Dodgson & Gann, 2008). Some of the programs initiated through the private finance initiative have run out of budget without giving the value for money. The core objective of PPP is to ensure a proper partnership without diminishing either sector. In a world where innovation and strategy implementation seems to be the only way forward, it is indeed important for the private and public sector to collaborate in offering services to the people. London Underground One example of PPP is the London Underground which is a metro transportation system serving a larger portion of the greater London. Spanning over 402 kilometers with 270stations, the Tube is a subsidiary of Transport for London. Presently, 91% of the operational expenditure of the system is covered by fares paid by the passengers. Under the PPP, there were three infrastructure companies which were responsible for the renewal and maintenance of the London Underground. Indeed, it is realized that the PPP was a great step in enhancing the efficiency of the rail system and learning some of the issues which should be a dressed in order to improve such future partn erships in the country. In a way, the London Underground PPP is a classic case of a public private partnership which realized a number of successes and was also plagued with many challenges. In the context of strategy and innovation, it is realized that partnerships are an important way of benefiting through the good strategy and innovation in the private sector and the mechanisms of the government. The essence of this partnership was basically to develop and create an efficient infrastructure for London which could become a model across the world. As such, the London Underground Limited was created as the public sector mandated to operate and maintain this metro system in London. PwC was in charge of reviewing the options available in terms of strategy and funding while also ensuring the continual development of the initiative. At the end of the review process, the PPP was clearly outlined. It involved a ?37.7 billion of investment spanning a period of 30 years in addition to a ?4. 6 billion of private funding. Private sector consortiums were therefore allowed to take charge of the rehabilitation and maintenance of the Underground system in order to enhance its performance and ensure innovation and proper strategy implementation. In addition to the private financing, the government provided annual grants and

Types Of Electronic Communication

Types Of Electronic Communication Electronic communication has become a very popular means to communicate worldwide. Electronic communication is used for the transfer of different types of data and images through wire, electromagnetic, photo electronic or photo-optical system and radio. Electronic communication is so popular that many businesses and people consider it to be essential tool in our daily lives. The Potomac Knowledge Project from the Marino Institute states Electronic communications is interactive. It engages audiences in active, two-way communications; a self-selected audience, engaged and actively participating in the communications process. There are many ways to communicate electronically, each with benefits and risks related to business or personal use. It is likely that in the future, advances in technology and computer programming will enable us to communicate in ways we can only dream about today. Different Ways to Communicate Electronically Email. There are many different types of electronic communication including but not limited to: email, social media newsgroups, chat rooms, video conferencing, instant messaging, phone and fax. Email via the widely used internet is popular because people are able to write short messages, receive quick responses and include photographs or reports with formatted data quickly and efficiently. Sending information through the conventional or snail mail can be costly and time consuming. Using email for personal or professional purposes is an efficient means of communication. Social Media. Many newsgroups and chat rooms now use Facebook, MySpace and Twitter, a type of social media for communication purposes which lets the user give an instant message and receive an instant response with supporting live video images. Users are able to post messages to a particular group of people or to members of a specific club and comment instantaneously. Miscellaneous. Workplace-communication.com lists over fifty-five different types of electronic communication currently used in the workplace! Some other types of electronic communication that may not fall clearly in one of the above categories above are listed below: Fax Short-wave Radio Radio Broadcast Video Conferencing Skype Satellite Phone Texting Telephony Wikis Electronic communication has gained wide recognition, has innumerable practical applications and provides benefits for the user including quick communication, is cost effective and has easy access. The Benefits Work Related Environment. Many different types of organizations are using electronic communication facilities. Electronic communication provides the opportunity for groups of people in different geographical locations to communicate interactively through text, sound and video. Team members can work on and make contributions to the same document at the same time, engage in meetings and share information on projects. The ability to communicate and problem solve as a team increases the likelihood of an increase in productivity and customer satisfaction. In addition, many businesses are sponsoring discussion groups concerning issues related to the business (products, strategies, etc.) as a resource to offer further communication and marketing prospects. Electronic communication also enables people to work from home, called telecommuting. Working from home provides employees flexibility and saves office space, money spent on paper, printing and postal delivery. The communicated informatio n may be stored on disks, on computer hard drive files and is easily retrievable when needed. For Individual Use. For individual use electronic communication has become a way for people around the world to share pictures, graphics, conversations, and play interactive software games. People are able to communicate more economically when compared to phone or mail and are able to communicate quickly to friends and family who live a distance away. This type of communication has become a very important means of social communication. Careers in Electronic Communication. With the boom in technology and the computer industry, software services, electronic communication, programming, and security issues will provide growing opportunities for employment in the United States and worldwide. The demand for individuals and employees who are knowledgeable in the field of electronic communication will continue to increase. Working in electronic communications is a great option for those with marketable skills interested in securing employment in a fast growing field. The Risks Personal Mail is Insecure. Sending someone a personal electronic message can become a permanent record. It is easy to compromise your reputation by messaging something negative or offensive. Electronic messages are hard to stop once they have been sent and unlike paper messages they can be delivered instantaneously. Electronic messages are not secure and can be easily copied, resent or forwarded to others so you can never know for sure who will read it and form a negative opinion of you. It is also easy for someone to search all posted messages for your name as it travels through the internet; potential employers are now using this as a means to evaluate personality strengths and character when considering a potential hire. When sending a message you really have to think about whether or not you would like the public to read your message in the future. Tom Van Vleck , The Risks of Electronic Communication lists common examples of not using good judgment when sending electronic commun ication: broadcasting or posting a funny message sending or posting an angry message using sarcasm or irony criticizing others in public posting a message or sending mail late at night sending a message about a person that you wouldnt want them to see Business Mail. When communicating with a business or company using electronic mail it is important to look for a guarantee that the company will keep your information for its use only and will not sell your name or address to other companies. Users also need to be guarded when receiving emails from businesses inquiring about personal account information, credit card or billing information as business scams or identity theft have become a significant concern in electronic communication. Computer Hacking or Virus. Secondly, a big concern with electronic communication is security. Your computer can be hacked and/or infected with a computer virus. Most often when hacking a hacker is trying to access personal information for illegal purposes. A computer virus can impact the computer system and network, can erase data on the C-drive, cause the user to be unable to open files, delete files, slow down transmission speed, may replicate information and share it with others, and can alter the structure of messages which can be misunderstood. Electronic viruses can be challenging to detect and to clean off of your computer. For a business, cleaning up viruses can be costly. Conclusion In conclusion, electronic communication does present challenges in security and more recently in fraudulent actions using users personal information for illegal purposes. The use of the Internet, computer and electronic communication has become widely used for business and personal use. With the advances in computer technology and the rapid increase in different types of electronic communication, this form of interaction will continue to grow in popularity for professional and private use.